食品安全监测技术在保障大型活动食品安全中的应用效果研究

Effectiveness of food monitoring technologies in ensuring food safety in large-scale activities in provincial capital

目的建立"食品-餐饮-哨点医院"监测管理模式与重点食源性致病菌实时荧光PCR快速检验及溯源分析方法,并在保障大型活动食品安全活动中推广应用。方法采用"食品-餐饮-哨点医院"监测管理模式和实时荧光PCR快速方法开展对南宁市市售及大型活动中餐饮重点食品中致病菌和食源性病原株主动监测,应用PFGE分子分型方法开展溯源分析,结合创新餐饮管理模式,开展食品安全评估和预警。结果首府-南宁市市售食品及餐饮食品中均存在不同程度的副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、肠出血性O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、空肠弯曲菌、阪崎肠杆菌等致病菌污染,其中以副溶血性弧菌检出率最高达41.8%,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌为21.0%;腹泻标本中分离食源性致病菌与食用食品有直接关系;食源性致病菌危险评估与预警机制建立及大型活动食品安全管理模式的应用有效减少了食源性疾病发生。5年来,首府南宁市在大型活动期间未发生食物中毒事件,全市食物中毒起数呈逐年下降趋势;实时荧光PCR和基因指纹图谱检测方法能够快速检测食品和腹泻标本中食源性致病菌,通过散发性病例中的亲缘关系可溯源到原因食品。结论 "食品-餐饮-哨点医院"监测管理新模式的应用及检测新方法的使用可有效预防和控制食源性疾病的发生,确保大型活动食品安全。

Objective To establish ＂Food-catering-sentinel hospitals＂ monitoring management mode and real-time fluorescence PCR as well as traceability method to ensure food safety in large-scale activities in Nanning City. Method A ＂food-catering-sentinel hospital＂ mode and real-time PCR method were adopted to implement active surveillance for food-borne pathogens in food samples from markets and important catering in large-scale activities in Nanning City. Food safety assessment and early warning were conducted by genetic fingerprinting of pathogens using PFGE in combination of the innovative catering management. Results There were varying degree contamination of V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Shigella, O157： H7, M. Listeria, S. aureus,pathogens, C. jejuni, and E. sakazakii in commercially available food and catering food in Nanning City.. V. parabaemolyticus detection rate was the highest （41.8%）, followed by Staphylococcus anreus （21.0%）; Foodborne pathogens isolated from diarrhea specimens were related to food directly; Risk assessment of foodborne pathogens, consumer warning mechanism and the food safety management model in large-scale activities could decrease the food borne diseases; Food poisoning incidents showed a declining trend and did not occur in events from 2005 to 2009 in Nanning City; Real-time fluorescence PCR could use to detect foodborne pathogens quickly and gene fingerprint detection methods could trace the dubious food that causes food-poisoning. Conclusion the ＂Food- catering- sentinel hospitals＂ monitoring management mode can effectively prevent and control foodborne diseases and ensure the food safety in large-scale activities in the provincial capital.