布尔什维克党民主集中制的缘起

Origin of Democratic Centralism of the Bolshevik Party

从历史的缘起看,民主集中制有多个版本。其中列宁版的布尔什维克党的民主集中制原则是从集中制中分化出来的,是个分析命题。而孟什维克更钟情于民主制,它所提出的民主集中制原则是个综合命题。列宁是在吸收包括孟什维克在内的批评者合理成分的基础上将集中制改为民主集中制的。可见,布尔什维克民主集中制思想中的民主与集中的关系绝非平行的并列关系,民主是对集中的限定和保障,集中制才是其主体和核心内容。

From/he origin of history, democratic centralism has multiple versions, in which the Bolshevik Party of the Leninist version polarized from centralism is analytic proposition. However, democratic centralism of the Menshevik Party loving democra- cy is synthetic proposition. Lenin, based on absorbing reasonable components from other parties including the Mensheviks, changed centralism into democratic centralism. Thus, the relation between democracy and centralism in the Bolshevik democratic centralism is no parallel, in which democracy is the restriction and protection to centralism and, however, centralism is the body and core.