柏拉图理想国的理念论解读

The Ideal Aspect on the "Republic"

柏拉图的理想国及其"哲学王"思想是其政治哲学的核心,是以理念论作为哲学基础的。柏拉图认为,世界分离为两个不同的领域,即可感世界和可知世界。真实的世界是在具体事物之外的存在,是人类理性才能把握的抽象的理念的世界。知识的获取过程是对理念世界的认知和接近,是灵魂对迷失的理念的"回忆"。最高的理念是"善",它是宇宙万物的最高原理,只有在"善"的理念引导下的城邦才会具有正义的品质,而拥有这种最高智慧是哲学家的天性。"哲学王"是在政治生活领域中的理性治国的体现,是柏拉图政治思想中最核心和最有独创性的地方,是一种知识与权力相结合的政治制度,是建立在作为本体论的理念世界中的理性国度。

Plato＇s Republic as well as the philosophy king is the core of his political philosophy. It is philosophically based on the theory of Idea. Plato thinks the world is split into two different areas, namely the visible world and the invisible world. The real world exists above the sensible things, and it is only seized by the human reason. Acquisition of knowledge is the cognilion and apruch to the ideal worht. The process is the reeollcetion of the lost Idea by our souls. The Good is the highest Idea whieh stands ~br the highest prineiple of the world. The Idea of Good guilds the state toward the jnstice. To pursue the sueh wisdom is the philosopher＇ s nature. The philosophy king representes the rational administer a state in the political life. It is the core and the most original part of Plato＇s politic thought. This political system, the eomhination of knowledge and power, as the ideal state is established on the base of the ontological ideal worht.