侗族大歌的演唱传统与地域认同

The Identity of Performance Tradition and Region of the Great Dong Opera

"侗族大歌"是音乐学者对侗族南部方言区传统音乐"嘎老"一词的翻译,因"嘎老"的多声部特征,人们逐渐将"侗族大歌"所指内涵等同于"侗族多声部音乐"。"侗族大歌"的内涵可分为广义与狭义两种,广义等同于"侗族多声部音乐",狭义等同于"嘎老"。南部侗人通过"嘎老"集体对歌的交友方式,不断深化同一村寨同一婚姻集团青年男女的感情,进而巩固当地的婚姻圈。"款内"不同村寨通过"吃相思"中"嘎老"群体演唱,使南部侗人将交际圈扩展到婚姻圈之外,强化地域认同。

The ＂Great Dong Opera＂ is the translation of the term ＂Galao＂ （old） of the traditional Dong mu- sic in the southern dialect area by music scholars. Due to the fact that the sounds come from multi -vocal part, people take the connotation of the songs gradually as the multi - voiced songs by the Dong people. The connota- tion of the ＂ Great Dong Opera＂ can be divided into two parts ： broad and narrow. The former means the multi - part songs by the Dong people ; while the latter refers to the ＂Galao＂. The Dong people in the south develop the feelings of the young men and women in the same village and in the same marital group through the group singing towards each other in the form of ＂Galao＂ so as to strengthen the local marriage ring. Within the region, differ- ent villages in the subsection hold ＂Galao＂ group concert by way of ＂eating acacia＂ to expand the communica- tion circle among the southern villagers to the outside of marriage, and strengthen the regional identity.