活性污泥法中硝化反应动力学研究

Research of Nitration Reaction Kinetics in Activated Sludge Process

我国氮素污染所致的水体富营养化触目惊心,目前生物脱氮是最经济有效的治理技术。通常认为,生物法脱氮是1个两阶段过程:硝化和反硝化。在硝化阶段化能自养型硝化细菌在好氧条件下将NH4+-N转化为NO2--N和NO3--N;而在反硝化阶段,兼性异养细菌在缺氧条件下进行NO2--N和NO3--N的转化,从而达到脱氮的目的。其中硝化反应是整个生物法脱氮的限速步骤,但是目前对硝化反应的动力学研究相对较少,本研究主要致力于揭示硝化反应(包括氨氧化反应和亚硝酸盐氧化反应)的动力学,使硝化反应可以以模型表示,以期为生物法脱氮的实际工程提供理论依据。

Water eutrophication caused by nitrogen pollution is deceived in China, at present, biological nitrogen is the most economic and efficient governing technology. In general,biological nitrogen is a process in two steps： nitration and denitrification. In the nitration phase,autotrophie nitrifying bacteria can translate NH4＋-N into NO2-N and NO3-N in aerobic conditions; however, in denitrification stage, facuhative heterotrophic bacteria translates NO2-N and NO3-N in anaerobic conditions, so as to complete denitrification. In which, nitration is the rate-limiting step during the whole biological nitrogenbioan,but it is relatively less in the dynamics researeh on nitration reaction. The study is mainly to reveal the dynamics of nitration reaction to express the nitration reaction with models so as to provide theatrical accordance for practical project with biological nitrogen method.