施用不同有机物料对棕壤酶活性的影响

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizer on Enzyme of Brown Soils

为研究施用不同有机物料对棕壤酶活性的影响,在昌图棕壤试验地上设6个处理,测定不同培肥方式下土壤酶活性,并研究了土壤酶与土壤肥力因子的相关关系。结果表明:(1)秸秆还田和施用厩肥均能显著提高土壤酶活性和纤维素分解强度。在提高脲酶、转化酶活性方面施用厩肥效果好于秸秆还田,全量施用优于半量施用;在提高酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶方面秸秆还田效果好于施用厩肥。各处理中,秸秆还田配施厩肥对提高脲酶活性效果最好,对提高其他各类酶活性效果一般。除过氧化氢酶外,其他各类酶活性均随着土层深度的增加而降低。(2)各种土壤酶之间存在一定的相关关系。脲酶与转化酶呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.913**);转化酶与磷酸酶呈极显著负相关(r=-0.643**);磷酸酶与过氧化氢酶呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.639**)。土壤酶与其他肥力因子之间也具有一定的相关关系。土壤脲酶与纤维素分解强度、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、含水量均达到极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.906**、0.821**、0.911**、0.917**、0.888**、0.867**);土壤转化酶与纤维素分解强度、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、含水量均达到极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.958**、0.857**、0.855**、0.842**、0.820**、0.831**);土壤酸性磷酸酶与含水量呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.666**),与土壤容重呈显著负相关(r=-0.560*);土壤过氧化氢酶与土壤容重呈极显著负相关(r=-0.765**)。

In order to study the effect of different organic fertilizer on enzyme of brown soils, six treatments were set in experimental plot of brown soils in Changtu county to study soil enzyme activity under different fertilization and the relation between soil enzyme activity and Soil fertility. The results showed that： （1） both straw return and hog manure could improve soil enzyme activity and cellulose decomposition intensity significantly. Hog manure had better effect than straw return in improving urease and invertase activity, and fulldose better than semis. However straw return had better effect than hog manure in improving acid phosphatase and catalase activity. Among all kinks of treatments, straw return with hog manure had the best effect in improving urease activity. Soil enzyme activity would decrease in the wake of invrease of soil depth except catalase. （2） There were relations between soil enzyme activity. Significant correlation was found between urease and invertase （r=0.913＊＊）, invertase and acid phosphatase （r=-0.643＊＊）, acid phosphatase and catalase （r=0.639＊＊）. There were also relations between soil enzyme activity and soil fertility. Significant correlation was found between urease and cellulose decomposition intensity, Alkali-hydro nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, organic matter, water content （r=0.906＊＊, 0.821＊＊, 0.911＊＊, 0.917＊＊, 0.888＊＊, 0.867＊＊）; between invertase and cellulose decomposition intensity, Alkali-hydro nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, organic matter, water content （r-0.958＊＊, 0.857＊＊, 0.855＊＊, 0.842＊＊, 0.820＊＊, 0.831＊＊）; between acid phosphorus and water content, soil bulk density （r=-0.666＊＊, r=-0.560.）; between eatalase and soil bulk density（r=-0.765＊＊）.