辽西主产区葡萄的根区土壤养分研究

Soil Nutrients in Root Zone of Grape in Liaoning Western Area

为了摸清辽西葡萄园根区土壤养分状况,2009年4月～5月,在辽西葡萄主产区选择34个代表性的葡萄园分3层采集0～60 cm根区土壤,测定了其养分含量。结果表明:辽西葡萄根区0～20 cm层土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为:20.37 g kg-1、2.0 kg-1、162.7 mg kg-1、164.0 mg kg-1和393.6 mg kg-1;20～40 cm层分别为:14.75 g kg-1、1.6 g kg-1、121.1 mg kg-1、124.3 mg kg-1和293.5 mg kg-1;40～60 cm层分别为:14.34 g kg-1、1.4 g kg-1、96.8 mg kg-1、87.6 mg kg-1和205.4 mg kg-1。总体来看,辽西主产区葡萄园根区土壤有机质处于中等水平,全氮、有效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量处于高水平或过量水平,存在潜在的环境风险。同时,由于多年传统施肥习惯,导致养分在根区土壤表层大量累积,其中土壤有效氮含量三层之间均存在显著性差异;0～20 cm土层的有机质、全氮和速效钾含量与20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层之间存在显著性差异,但20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层之间不存在显著性差异;土壤有效磷含量0～20 cm土层与40～60 cm土层之间存在显著性差异,0～20 cm与20～40 cm土层和20～40 cm与40～60 cm土层之间不存在显著性差异。

soil samples （0 - 60 cm） in grape root-zone were collected from 34 representative vineyards of the main grape production areas in western Liaoning Province during April and May of 2009 and the available nutrient contents were detected. The results showed that the average values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content in 0 - 20 cm soil layer were 20.37 g kg-1, 2.0 g kg-1, 162.7 mg kg-1, 164.0 mg kg-1 and 393.55 mg kg-1 respectively. The average value in 20 - 40 cm layer were 14.75g kg-1, 1.6 g kg-1, 121.1 mg kg-1, 124.3mg kg-1 and 293.5mg kg-1; the average value in 40 - 60 cm layer were 14.34 g kg-l, 1.4 g kg-l, 96.8 mg kg-l, 87.6 mg kg-1 and 205.4 mg kg-1. In general, the organic matter contents were at the middle level, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents were at the high and/or excessive levels, which results in the potential environmental risks. Meanwhile, the annual traditional fertilization practice led to large accumulation of the available nutrients in the surface layer, the available nitrogen contents were significantly different among three layers; the organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium contents of 0 - 20 cm layer were significantly different with the lower two layers. About the available phosphorus content, there was no significant difference between adjacent two layers, but it was significantly different between the 0 - 20 cm layer and 40 - 60 cm layer.