减量施用控释氮肥对小麦产量效率及土壤硝态氮的影响

Effect of Reducing Amount of Controlled Release N Fertilizer on Yield of Winter Wheat,N Efficiency and Soil NO_3^--N

通过对控释氮肥减量且随小麦播种一次性施用(CRF),与农民习惯施肥(FP)及优化施肥(OPT)进行对比试验研究。结果表明:(1)减量施用控释氮肥使小麦群体及产量构成因素整体表现优于FP和OPT处理;(2)CRF处理能够保证小麦稳产,单位面积(667m2)较FP处理增收66.8元,其氮素回收率和氮偏生产力较FP处理分别提高19.7%和34.3%;(3)CRF处理各深度土层硝态氮含量均低于OPT和FP处理,极大降低硝态氮向土壤深层次淋溶的风险。在小麦上减量使用控释氮肥具有简化生产环节、节本增收、提高氮养分利用和减少环境污染等优势,具有应用前景。

Compared with farmer＇s traditional fertilization （FP） and optimized N fertilization （OPT）, effect of reducing amount of controlled release N fertilizer and one-time application with the wheat sowing on wheat yield, N efficiency and soil NOf-N was studied. The results showed that： （1） Reduction of amount of controlled release N fertilizer could make wheat group and yield components superior to FP and OPT; （2） Application of controlled release N fertilizer could ensure wheat yield stable and increase the income of 66.8 yuan per unit area （667 m2） compared with FP treatment. N recovery rate and N partial factor productivity increased by 19.7% and 34.3% respectively compared to FP treatment; （3） The content of soil NO3- -N in CRF treatment was lower than OPT and FP treatments in different soil depth, which greatly reduced risk of NO3--N leaching to the deep layer. Reducing the amount of controlled release N fertilizer on wheat contribute to simplifying production operation, saving cost and increasing income, improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental pollution and so on, which has a application prospect.