武汉市汉阳区麻疹疫苗强化免疫接种效果分析

Analysis on Immune Effect of Measles Supplementany Immunization Activities in Hanyang District of Wuhan in 2009

目的探讨控制麻疹发病策略及措施,评价麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果。方法对汉阳区2009年10月8月龄~14周岁目标儿童实施麻疹强化免疫情况分析,评价强化免疫效果。结果全区调查摸底目标儿童63 520例,实际接种61 241例,其中报告接种率为96.41%,估算接种率为94.38%,D值(0.02)<0.05,报告接种率可信;快速评估接种率为96.11%,第三方评估接种率为94.48%,较报告接种率差异均无统计学意义;常住儿童报告接种率为96.37%,流动儿童报告接种率为96.57%,差异无统计学意义;强化免疫后麻疹报告发病率明显下降;麻疹抗体水平监测强化后阳性率为92.26%。结论控制和消除麻疹发病,除加强传染源(患者)管理外,最有效的措施是强化易感人群麻疹疫苗接种工作,提高人群免疫水平,构筑目标人群免疫屏障,加强麻疹疫情及健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测,保护儿童健康。

Objective To explore the strategies and measures of controlling the incidence of measles, and to evaluate the effect of supplementary immunization of measles vaccine. Methods We analyzed the situation of supplementary immunization of measles vaccine among children aged 8 months to 14 years in Hanyang District in October 2009, and then the effect of supplementary immunization was evaluated. Results Totally 63,520 targeted children were surveyed, and 61,241 cases were im-- munizecl. The reported vaccination rate was 96.41%, the estimated coverage rate was 94.38 %, and the D value （0.02） was less than 0.05. The reported vaccination rate was credible. The coverage rate by rapid assessing was 96.11%, and the coverage rate of the third- party assessment was 94.48 %. The differences among any of them and the reported coverage rate were not statistically significant. The reported vaccination rates of resident children and migrant children were 96.37 % and 96.57 %, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. The reported incidence of measles decreased significantly after the supplementary immunization of measles vaccine. The monitoring of measles antibody level showed that the positive rate after the supplementation was 92.26 %. Conclusions In order to control and eliminate the incidence of measles, in addition to enhanc ing the management of the source of infection （patients）, the most effective measures are to strengthen the measles vaccination of the su^eptible population, to raise the level of population immunity, to build the immune barrier of the target population, to enforce the monitoring of measles epidemic and the measles antibody level of healthy people, and to protect children＇s health.