不同环境下红枣物候期及枣果性状研究

Study on Phenophase of Red Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ) and Its Fruits' Growth and Development Rule under Different Environments

[目的]研究日光温室和露地红枣的物候期和果实的生长发育规律。[方法]试验于2011年1月～2012年4月进行。日光温室供试材料为骏枣(Z.jujuba Mill.cv.Junzao),砧木为酸枣(Z.acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng et M.J.Liu);在露地选同样的品种作对照。[结果]温室内的红枣枣头2月11日开始萌动,萌动比露地主芽早61 d,副芽早62 d,展叶期比露地早61 d,开花期比露地早36 d,结果期比露地早18d,成熟期比露地早37 d;6月温室和露地枣果纵径生长变化不明显,8月不同环境的枣果纵径生长差异较明显,温室大于露地,9月差异也明显;同一个月枣果横径的生长量变化不明显,但不同月份之间生长量变化明显;不同环境的枣果在前期横径生长量小于纵径生长量,前期主要以纵径生长为主,后期横径和纵径的生长速率基本一致;不同环境枣果生长型不同,日光温室枣果的生长型属于单"S"型,露地的属于双"S"型,日光温室枣果实的生长发育期比露地的短,成熟早;日光温室枣果单果重、纵径、横径大于露地枣果,但硬度和含糖量小于露地。[结论]该研究可为设施栽培红枣提供理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to study phenophase of red jujube and its fruits＇ growth and development rule under two environment,greenhouse and open Field.[Method] The test time was from January,2011 to April,2012.In greenhouse Z.jujuba Mill.cv.Junzao was used as test material and Z.acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng et M.J.Liu was used as rootstock;in open field the same materials was used as control.[Result] In greenhouse,red jujube head germinated in February 11th,and main bud germination stage and accessory bud germination,leaf flushing stage,flowering stage,fruiting stage and mature stage brought forward 61,62,61,36,18 and 37 days comparing to those in open field;red jujube fruit vertical diameter had no significant change in greenhouse and open field in June,while had significant change in August and September,and in greenhouse bigger than in open field;its transverse diameter＇s mass growth had no significant change in the same month,while had significant change among different months;in previous period vertical diameter＇s mass growth under different environments was less than that of transverse diameter,and predominated in vertical diameter growth,while in late stage their growth rate was basically the same;In different environment there were different red jujube fruit growth form,and in greenhouse belonged to single ＂S＂ type,while in open field belonged to couple ＂S＂ type,its growth and development period in greenhouse was shorter than that in open field,so advanced mature;red jujube fruit＇s single fruit weight,vertical diameter,and transverse diameter were all bigger than those in open field,while hardness and sugar content were all smaller than those in open field.[Conclusion] The study provides a theoretical basis for red jujube＇s protected cultivation.