“宋初三先生”在唐宋儒学转型过程中的作用及影响

The Role Played by "Three Masters in the Early Song Dynasty" in the Confucian Transformation during the Tang and Song Dynasties

"宋初三先生"在唐宋儒学转型过程中的作用及影响主要体现在三个方面:第一,诠释经典方面,在经典范围上既重视五经又开始关注四书,在解经风气上从信奉传疏到怀疑经传,在解经内容上从以三纲五常到形上性命解释;第二,道统排佛方面,在道统谱系上较为庞杂,在道统人物评价上提高了孟子和扬雄的地位,在排佛老方面既从现实危害角度排佛又开始从概念理论角度排佛;第三,在形上心性方面,胡瑗提出和重视"理"概念,他的心性学说具有一定的杂糅性,其弟子徐积的学问具有"心学"特色,孙复和石介也有一些对心性的看法。

The role played by 'three masters in the early Song Dynasty' in the Confucian transformation during the Tang and Song Dynasties embodies the following three aspects.Firstly,while interpreting the classics,they pay much attention not only to the Five Classics but also to the Four Books;they would rather query the classics than believe in them;they try to interpret the classics firstly from the perspective of the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues,and then from the perspective of the theory of mind and nature.Secondly,they approve of Confucian orthodoxy and reject Buddhism and Taoism.The Confucian orthodoxy pedigree is relatively complicated.When they evaluate the figures who are for Confucian orthodoxy,they speak highly of Mencius and Yang Xiong.They reject Buddhism and Taoism both in reality and in theory.Lastly,they have developed the theory of mind and nature,a kind of metaphysical theory.Hu Yuan puts forward the concept of li and pays much attention to it.His theory of mind and nature is somewhat mixed.His student Xu Ji's thought bears the characteristics of philosophy of mind.Sun Fu and Shi Jie also express their views on mind and nature.