干细胞治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症的可行性

Stem cells therapy for treatment of diabetic mellitus and complications

背景:2型糖尿病药物治疗有效,但病情仍不断进展。近年来,干细胞尤其间充质干细胞治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症倍受关注,并在基础及临床开展了一系列研究。目的:总结分析近年来干细胞在治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症方面取得的进展,为今后的临床研究提供方向。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1981年1月至2012年1月有关干细胞治疗2型糖尿病及并发症的相关文章,英文检索词为"diabetic mellitus,stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,complication,therapy"。排除重复性研究,共保留57篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:干细胞通过多种途径促进胰岛β细胞的存活和再生,减少凋亡,达到治疗2型糖尿病的目的。而且还通过多向分化及释放旁分泌因子的方式治疗糖尿病心肌病、神经病变等并发症。其中成体干细胞,尤其是间充质干细胞由于取材方便、免疫原性低、无伦理争议等优点,更适合作为种子细胞,成为目前及今后治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症的研究重点。

BACKGROUND： Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be effectively treated by drugs, but it still continues to progress. Recently stem cells in particular mesenchymal stern cells for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been paid increasing attention, and a series of basic and clinical studies have been made. OBJECTIVE： To summarize and analyze the research progress in stem cells therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications, which provide direction for future clinical studies. METHODS： A computer-based online retrieval was performed by the first author in PubMed database for searching the papers describing stem cells therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the complications published between January 1981 and January 2012 in English with the key word ＂diabetic mellitus, stem cells, mesenchymal stern cells, complication, therapy＂. Repetitive studies were excluded and 57 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Stem cells can be used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting pancreatic β-ce survival and regeneration and reducing apoptosis. Furthermore, stem cells can also be used to treat the complications of type 2 diabetes metiitus including diabetic cardiomyopathy and neurepathy. Adult stern celts, in particular mesenchymal stem cells, are more suitable for use as seed cells because of convenient harvest, low immunogenicity and no ethical disputes, and become the focus for current and future studies regarding treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications.