抗菌生物材料的抗细菌黏附能力

Anti-bacterial and adhesion ability of antibacterial biomaterials

背景:由于生物材料和人工器官在临床应用逐渐增多,给临床患者进行治疗疾病的同时还存在着一些问题,最为常见的是生物材料植入人体后引起的细菌感染。目的:探讨生物材料在抗细菌黏附中的作用,抗菌生物材料的分类及特点。方法:生物材料在机体引起各种感染的原因是由于细菌生物膜的形成,防止生物材料置入后感染的关键是抑制细菌在生物材料表面的黏附以及防止细菌在生物材料表面形成细菌生物膜。细菌表面黏附重点是改变细菌自身的特性和材料表面的物理化学性质,通过改变材料的物理化学性质来减小材料和细菌之间的相互作用力,主要采用化学接枝法、等离子体法、气相沉淀法等。预防细菌黏附首先要增强机体的免疫防御能力,其次要使界面快速的被组织覆盖,形成严密的连结界面。结果与结论:抗菌生物材料分为无机抗菌生物材料、天然抗菌生物材料和合成抗菌生物材料,无机抗菌材料以银系材料为主,天然抗菌生物材料以壳聚糖研究为较多,合成抗菌生物材料以季铵盐类材料为代表,各种材料都具有各自的优缺点,需要进一步的体内外基础实验和临床研究来验证和推动抗菌生物材料的发展。

BACKGROUND：Due to the gradually increasing clinical application of biomaterials and artificial organs, there are still some problems during the treatment of diseases. The most common problem is the bacterial infection after biomaterials are implanted into the human body. OBJECTIVE：To explore the effect of biomaterials on the anti-bacterial adhesion as well as the classification and characteristics of antibacterial biomaterials. METHODS：The reason of a variety of infections caused by the biomaterials in the body is the formation of bacterial biofilms, therefore, the key to prevent infection after the biomaterials implantation is to inhibit bacterial adhesion on the surface of biomaterial as well as to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms of bacteria on the surface of the biological material. The key of bacterial surface adhesion is to change the characteristics of the bacteria and the physical and chemical property of material surface, and the chemical grafting method, plasma method and gas phase precipitation method are mainly used to reduce the interaction forces between the material and bacteria. To prevent bacterial adhesion, it is firstly to enhance the body＇s immune defense ability, and secondly to make the interface covered with tissue rapidly and form a tight link interface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Antibacterial biomaterials can be divided into inorganic antimicrobial biomaterials, natural antimicrobial biomaterials and synthetic antibacterial biomaterials. These three kinds of biomaterials mainly focus on silver-based materials, the chitosan, and the synthetic antibacterial biomaterials, and the quaternary ammonium salts materials, respectively. Each kind of material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Further in vitro and in vivo basic experiments and clinical studies are needed to verify and promote the development of antibacterial biomaterials.