自噬与病毒复制

Autophagy and Virus Replication

自噬是真核生物中一类保守的胁迫机制，是溶酶体蛋白降解途径的主要形式之一。自噬通过降解衰老损伤的细胞器和老龄蛋白维持细胞内稳态（homeostasis），同时通过吞噬细胞内微生物病原体行使天然免疫功能。在不同病毒感染过程中，自噬也可以发挥不同的作用：既能阻止病毒复制也可以促进病毒复制。当自噬发挥抗病毒作用时，通过包裹病毒蛋白或病毒颗粒运至溶酶体，进行降解，这一过程称作异自噬（xenophagy）。相反，一些病毒蛋白与宿主自噬蛋白相互作用，阻滞自噬过程，促进病毒复制。另外，还有～些病毒利用自噬机制完成自身复制并行非裂解细胞型释放。

Autophagy is a conservative stress mechanism and a lysosome degradation pathway in eukaryotes. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis through degradation of aging and damaged or- ganelles and long-lived proteins. Meanwhile, autophagy acts as an innate immunity paradigm through degradation of microbial pathogens. During the replication of different strains of viruses, au- tophagy may play different roles： promoting or suppressing virus replication. Autophgy, usually re- ferred to as xenophagy, can degrade viral proteins or virions and inhibit virus replication. Conversely, some virus proteins can promote virus replications by interacting with host autophagic proteins and blocking the autophagic process. Additionally, some viruses use auotphagy to facilitate virus replication and non-lyric release.