抵御性族裔身份认同--美国洛杉矶海南籍越南华人的田野调查与分析

Defensive Ethnicity:A Case Study of Hainanese Sino-Vietnamese in Los Angeles,U.S.

原籍海南、出生越南并辗转美国的移民群体,为了抵御来自越南及美国主流社会的排斥,在跨国迁徙与流动中不断强化自己原有的"中国人"和"海南人"的双重族裔身份,形成抵御性族裔身份认同。这种类型的身份认同建构,不仅受到传统"侨"文化的影响,还与其多国的跨境经历、在不同移居国的社会地位和被接受的程度等结构性因素密切相关。抵御性族裔身份认同,可以理解为"离散"文化的一个组成部分,也是对既往的族裔身份认同理论——情境论与建构论的一种完善与补充。

In the processes of migrations and re-migrations,Hainanese Sino-Vietnamese who were born in Vietnam,but with Hainanese origin,and later resettled in the U.S.constantly reinforced,and even froze their dual identities as 'Chinese' and 'Hainanese' in order to resist the social exclusion in both Vietnam and the U.S.Hence,they have formed a defensive ethnicity which is influenced not only by the sojourner culture('qiao' culture),but also by their varied migration experiences as well as their social status and levels of social acceptance in different host societies.Defensive ethnicity may be understood as an integral part of diasporic culture;it is a nuanced concept that enriches the meaning of ethnicity in both circumstantialism and constructionlism theories.