在学科与科学之间:中国古代文论学科史前考古

Between Discipline and Science——Pre-historical Archaeology of Ancient Theory of Literature as a Discipline

中国古代文论的现代转换必然要求对之进行学科考古学的研究,然而"学科"一词本为舶来品,其双重含义已经预示了中国古代文论成为学科过程中所遭遇到的科学的"规驯"。通过对中国近代以来的大学制度的学科设置考察发现,中国古代文论首先通过官方教育机构对西方自然科学的译介而渐渐拥有了学科建制,这一过程直到黄侃在北京大学讲《文心雕龙》得到完成。"五四"前后,诉诸科学与逻辑而发生的"白话文运动",从语言上斩断了中国古代文论的话语之根,使之成为"国故"归入历史档案。接下来进行的"整理国故"运动与"科玄之争"确立起中国古代文论进行科学研究的"立法"依据,以至完成"二次规驯"。最终通过郭绍虞与罗根泽的《中国文学批评史》所确立的内容与体系,完成了科学对中国古代文论的改造,使之成为一门科学的系统的学科。

The modern transformation of ancient Chinese theory of literature requires an archaeologi- cal study of the discipline, but the word ＂discipline＂ is a borrowed one and its ambiguous meanings denotes a ＂discipline＂ of science in the process of becoming a discipline. A study of the arrange- ment of subjects from modern time in university can reveal that the ancient Chinese theory of litera- ture is established through the translation and introduction of westeru natural science by official edu- cational institution and it is completed when HUANG Kan is teaching Wen Xin Diao Long in Pe- king University. Vernacular Movement which resorts to science and logic breaks the speech root of ancient Chinese theory of literature in language with the latter attributing to ＂historical story＂ in his- tory files around ＂May Fourth Movement＂. ＂Re-arranging Historical Story＂ Movement and ＂Struggle between Science and Metaphysics＂ establish the ＂legislation＂ base of the disciplinary study of an- cient Chinese theory of literature and it is regarded as the ＂Second Discipline＂. Finally with content and system defined by Chinese Critical History of Literature by GUO Shao-yu and LUO Gen-ze the reform of ancient Chinese theory of literature is completed and settled as a discipline with the disci- pline of science.