高氯酸盐的环境毒理学效应及其机制的研究进展

Environmental toxicological effect and mechanism of perchlorate

高氯酸盐是一种具有持久性的有毒污染物质,其环境污染问题引起了人类的广泛关注。天然环境中的高氯酸盐比例很少,主要存在于土壤中;此外,在某些环境条件下,大气中也能产生一定量的高氯酸盐;其人为污染主要来源于大量生产和使用的高氯酸铵和高氯酸钾。高氯酸盐易溶于水,可以在水环境中快速迁移扩散,在动植物体内富集并通过人类摄食作用进入人体。高氯酸根能够竞争性利用钠/碘转运体(NIS),抑制甲状腺吸收碘离子,进而影响甲状腺和脑垂体的激素水平,阻碍生物体正常的新陈代谢和生长发育。笔者基于高氯酸盐对甲状腺、生长发育、生殖行为及神经系统等潜在危害的毒理学研究,综述了高氯酸盐对生物体的毒性作用机制,并对其研究前景进行了展望。

Perchlorate is a persistent toxic contaminant in the environment and the environmental problems caused have drawn the extensive attention of human beings. The perchlorate rarely exists in natural environment and mainly exists in the soil,furthermore,the atmosphere also produces a certain amount of perchlorate in some conditions. The pollution is mainly caused by the mass production and use of ammonium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate. Perchlorate is quite soluble,it can be rapidly transported and diffused in aqueous systems and achieve enrichment in plants and animals, then enters into human body through ingestion behavior. By competing with the sodium-iodide symporter （NIS） for transporting iodide into thyroid, perchlorate inhibits iodide uptake,influences the thyroid and pituitary hormone level and then inhibits the normal metabolism and growth of organisms. Based on the perchlorate toxicology data of potential adverse effects on thyroid function,growth, development,reproduction and neurodevelopment, this paper reviewed the perchlorate toxicity mechanism and the future research prospect was presented.