《周易程氏传》对“位”与“时中”的诠释——从易学、理学与政治思想相结合的角度看

The Interpretation of "Position" and "Being Always in the Mean" by CHENG Yi: From the Angle Combining the Yi Learning,Neo-Confucianism,and Political Thought

"位"与"时"都是《周易》中非常重要的概念范畴,为历朝历代的易学家、儒者们所诠释。程颐作为宋代理学的奠基者,将天理学说引入到易学诠释之中,将爻位与儒家时中的政治理念紧密结合,从宇宙本体的高度,将"时"、"中"视为天理在《周易》中的具体展现,希望所处不同之"位"的社会个体,尤其是君臣,在任何具体的情境中,都要遵循天理,时刻保持"中德"。程颐此解无疑强化了其易学的伦理政治性,为后代的易学诠释提供了新的方向。

Having being interpreted by many experts at the Changes, ＂position＂ and ＂timing＂ are two very important catego- ries in the Zhouyi. As the founder of the neo-Confucianism of the Song dynasty,CHENG Yi {1033-1107} drew the theory of ＂heavenly principle＂ into his interpretation of the Changes, by which he closely combined the line positions and the Confucian political idea of ＂being always in the Mean＂ into one, regarded ＂time＂ and ＂Mean＂ as the specific manifestation of the heav- enly principle in the Zhouyi, and wishes the social individual, particularly the emperor and ministers, to be in alignment with the heavenly principle and keep the ＂virtue of Mean＂ in any situation. This kind of interpretation undoubtedly strengthened the ethically political flavor of his Yi learning and provided a novel orientation for later generation interpretations of the Changes.