对我国现行立法合同成立与生效范式的反思

Reflection of the Model of the Formation and Effect of a Contract

合同成立与生效范式是指在理论上、立法上和司法实践中明确区分合同的成立与生效,对于合同的成立与生效分别予以考量的一种合同规制模式。该范式的产生基础有两个:一是契约自由原则的确立,二是法律行为概念和思想体系的形成。该范式为我国现行民事立法所采纳,但是我国现行法关于合同成立与生效的一些规定存在着体系上、逻辑上的不协调现象。合同是否成立属于事实判断问题,合同是否有效属于价值判断与利益衡量问题,合同成立与生效范式应该基于这个基本事实予以重构。

The model of the formation and effect of a contract is a model,which considers and distinguishes the formation and the effect of a contract in view of theory,legislation and practice.There are two basic stones for this model;one is the establishment of Freedom of Contract and the other is the formation of the concept of the juristic act and its ideological system.The model is accepted by the current civil legislations of China.In the internal relationship,the model of the formation and effect of a contract contains five different situations.Some Specific Regulations about the formation and effect of a contract in current China civil Legislations are self-contradictory and illogical.The formation of a contract is an issue concerning the judgement of facts,while the validity of a contract is an issue concerning the judgement of value and balance of interests.They are two different issues.The Model of the formation and effect of a contract should be reformed on the basis of the fact as mentioned above.