清代上海十六铺的华商活动与商业变迁

The merchant's activity and the commercial transition of Shiliupu district in Shanghai during the Qing Dynasty

上海开埠前,十六铺的商业因南北华商的活动而繁荣。江苏、浙江商帮与东北的豆类交易与福建、广东商帮与华南的土产贸易是推动十六铺商业格局多元化的两大最主要动力。在清政府主导下,十六铺在商业上逐渐形成与完善了海上运输、货物存储、贸易中转、土产批发、金融汇兑等商业机能,并且成为清政府漕粮北运的起点与基地。上海开埠后,以江浙商帮为主体的民间沙船业虽然走向衰落,但华商势力通过兴办轮船招商局、土著定居等形式,仍控制着十六铺商业的主导权,上海形成南市十六铺(华界)与北市租界并存的竞争局面。

Before Shanghai＇s founding as a trading port, the merchant＇s activity and trade have brought Shiliupu district a continuous commercial booming. The Jiangsn and Zhejiang merchant＇s Bean product trade with North-east region of China, and the Fujian and Guangdong merchant＇s local products exchange with south region of China, were the main power to enlarge the diversification of the commercial function. Under the guidance of the Qing government, Shiliupu district became the base wharf to support the Sea transportation of Tribute Grain. After Shanghai＇s founding as a trading port, the Chinese merchant continued to control the commercial leading power in Shiliupu district, by running the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company and settling down locality. Shanghai existed a situation that there was a coexistence of Chinese Commercial district in the south and the foreign concession in the north.