杏棉间作田间配置对棉花生长发育及棉铃时空分布的影响

Effect of Field Arrangement in Apricot-cotton Intercropping on Cotton Plant Growth and Tempo-spatial Distribution of Boll

为实现杏棉间作复合农业生态条件下棉花高产栽培,在杏树株行距配置为3m×6.5m、树高5.45m条件下,研究了棉花3种不同田间配置对棉花生长发育及棉铃时空分布的影响。结果表明,株距10cm、种植10行(B处理)棉花的株宽比最低,棉花的真叶数、倒4叶宽及果枝数有优势。棉花茎粗与棉花的株距呈正比。棉花单株干物质质量在整个生育期表现为B处理高于其余2个处理,并且毛地棉花群体干物质积累与单株干物质积累变化趋势一致;净地群体干物质质量则随着棉花净地密度的增大而增大。遮阴推迟了棉花生长发育,导致3种配置下棉花均以伏桃和秋桃为主;横向分布内围铃是构成棉铃主要部分,并且内围铃所占比例随着株距的增大而增加;纵向分布均以中下部棉铃为主。毛地皮棉产量表现为株距10cm配置(B处理)时最高,分别比株距12cm、8cm的高4.69%、19.96%;净地皮棉产量则表现为株距8 cm配置时最高,比株距10cm、12cm配置的分别高7.18%、30.91%。

In order to find out high-yielding cotton cultivation of agroecology in apricot-cotton intercropping which planting spacing is 3 re×6.5 m, and height is 5.45 m, the experiment is conducted with three field arrangements on cotton plant growth and tempo-spatial distribution of boll. The results showed that field arrangement with 10 cm plant spacing, 10 rows （B） has the lowest length-width ratio, and a better performance in main stem leaf number, width of the top fourth leaf and fruit branch number than others. Stern diameter was positively related to plant spacing. Cotton individual of dry matter was higher than others, dry matter of gross was positively related to individual; dry matter of net was positively related to density. Shade delayed the growth of cotton,leading to three treatments were the most of summer bolls and autumn bolls; bolls mainly distributed close to stem in horizontal, as plant spacing increased; longitudinal were main compose of middle bolls and lower bolls. Lint yield of gross plant in plant spacing of 10 cm （B） was the highest, higher 4.69% and 19.96% than plant spacing of 12 cm and 8 cm; Lint yield of net plant in plant spacing of 8 cm was the highest, higher 7.18% and 30.91% than plant spacing of 10 cm and 12 cm.