非行政许可审批的经济学分析

近年来,我国全面推行行政审批制度改革,并于2004年正式颁布实施《行政许可法》,规范行政许可行为。与此同时,实践中出现了一种缺乏理论依据的审批制度——"非行政许可审批",并且呈现出广泛适用和日趋扩展的态势。本文通过对非行政许可审批内涵和外延的实然性分析认定,大量审批项目实际上是以变相设置行政许可的方式规避《行政许可法》的调整。通过经济学方法分析,非行政许可审批在现实中存在负外部性,不仅增加了私人成本和社会成本,为权力寻租创设了空间,而且存在重许可、轻监督的现象。因此,必须采取有效措施限制非行政许可审批的滥用,避免其负面效应的积累放大。

In recent years, the reform of administrative examination and approval system has been fully carried out in our country, The Administrative License Law was promulgated in 2004 as to regulate administrative license acts. Meanwhile, there appears the non-administrative license examination and approval in the practice, which tends to an increasingly wide application and ex- pansion. Based on the practical analysis of the connotations and extensions of the non-administrative license examination and approval, a large number of approval projects actually avoid regulations of the Administrative License Law in a disguised way to set administrative licenses. From the economic perspective, non-administrative license examination and approval has the negative externalities, which increases private and social costs, creates the space of rent-seeking power, and leads to the phenomenon of attaching importance to permit and despising supervision. Therefore, we must regulate the non-administrative license examination and approval to avoid its negative effects.