现代商人法与中世纪商人法之比较研究

商人法是中世纪商人法和现代商人法的上位概念,三者共同构成了商人法理论的初步体系。随着现代社会的发展,商人法实现了由国际法到国内法再到国际法的转变,这一转变既是商人法从古代到现代的转型,也揭示了古今商人法的联系与区别。现代商人法和中世纪商人法在产生原因、商人自治性、基本原则等方面均具有相似性。现代商人法在实现社会实质正义的程度和国际化程度等方面和中世纪商人法具有不同性。对现代商人法和中世纪商人法的相似性和不同性的比较研究,对于完善我国的商事立法和司法实践具有积极的意义。

The concept of Law Merchant is an upper concept of Lex Mercatoria and Modern Lex Mercatoria, and the three concepts constitute the conceptual system of Law Merchant. As the development of the modern society, Lex Mercatoria has transformed from an international law to a domestic then back to an international one. The transformation illustrated Lex Mercatoria＇ s transformation from ancient times to nowadays and the relations and differences between them as well. Modern Lex Mercatoria assembles Lex Mercatoria in causes of emergence, autonomies of merchants and general principles, while Modern Lex Mer- catoria differs from Lex Mercatoria in degrees of substantive justice and internationalization. By the comparative study between the two, we may gain some positive ideas of the commercial legislations and legal practices.