以经济转型跨越“中等收入陷阱”——来自韩国的经验

Economic Transformation to Avoid the Middle Income Trap:Lessons from Korea's Experience

中等收入陷阱是指发展中国家经过一段时间的快速增长后,经济增长失速的现象。许多国家在人均收入达到美国水平的20%～40%之后,落入了中等收入陷阱。韩国是成功跨越中等收入陷阱的少数国家之一。20世纪80年代,民营经济的创新投资激发了技术创新热潮,快速的技术创新推动了韩国生产率的提升,缓解了工资上涨的压力,使韩国跨越了中等收入陷阱。文章重点研究了韩国摆脱中等收入陷阱的经济转型历程,并力图为中国提供可资借鉴的经验。

The middle income trap is defined as the situation where after a period of rapid catch - up a developing economy faces economic slowdown. Various developing economies have found that such stagnation usually occurs while their per capita income remains between 20% and 40% of U. S. per capita income. Korea is one of the few countries that have avoided this trap. In the 1980s rapid technological innovation enabled Korea to avoid the middle income trap. This innovation was achieved mainly due to enhanced R＆D investment by private enterprises. Innovation led to increased productivity and alleviated wage increase pressures.