包容性制度与长期经济增长——阿西莫格鲁和罗宾逊的国家兴衰理论评析

Inclusive Institutions and Long-term Economic Growth:A Review of Acemoglu and Robinson's Theory of Nations' Rise and Failure

针对国家(地区)间贫富差距的问题,许多学者提出了真知灼见。阿西莫格鲁和罗宾逊在《国家为什么会失败:权力、贫困和繁荣的根源》一书中通过包容性制度和攫取性制度分析了国家失败的根源在于攫取性制度,而国家成功的必要条件为包容性制度。在攫取性制度下,经济增长可能会实现,但是不能够持续,只有包容性制度才能够实现经济的长期增长。文章认为,阿西莫格鲁和罗宾逊的理论是对寻租理论和分利集团理论的发展,但是他们都只能够解释国家贫困的根源,而不能够给出国家繁荣的充分条件。

On the problem of nations＇ disparity between the wealthy and poor, scholars have raised a lot of theories. In their monograph Why Nations Fail： The Origins of Power, Poverty and Property, Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson analyzed inclusive institutions and extractive institutions and proposed their theory that the origins of a nation＇s failure lies in extractive institutions, and that inclusive institutions are a necessary condition for a nation＇s wealth. Under extractive institutions, economic growth can be realized, but can not last; only un- der inclusive institutions can long - term economic growth be realized. Acemoglu and Robinson＇s theory is a development of rent - seeking and interest group theories, but they all only explain the origin of a nation＇s poverty and are unable to provide the necessary conditions for a nation＇s prosperity.