结构主义及其分析方法的演进评析

Structuralism and Its Analysis Method on Evolution

结构主义因超越了集体主义和个体主义的方法论视角而受到重视,但它因忽视了能动性而一度受到严厉的批评。在回应这种批评也即自身发展的过程中,它出现了一种发展趋势及两条发展路径:一种趋势是它超越结构主义的局限而力图展现出结构与能动的关联性;一条路径是从宏观分析到新历史制度主义,它以缩短研究时限,限定制度问题,压缩思考范围来增强解释力,并在相当程度上处理了结构与能动的关系;另一条路径是在宏观分析中处理结构与能动之间的关系。从方法论上来看,它力图通过制度来进行科学主义与阐释主义的结合。这种结合强调分析性选择和叙事性建构之间存在着强关联性,强调要在对案例进行系统建构的基础上对其进行加工,以便进行系统的比较。

Structuralism surpassed the methodology of collectivism and individualism and gained attention, but because it ignored initiative it was, for a time, subjected to severe criticism. In the course of its development in response to this criticism one development trend with two paths emerged. The development trend is it goes beyond the limitations of structuralism and tries to show the relevance of structure and agency. The first path is from macroscopic analysis to new historical institutionalism, it shortens study time, limits institutional problems and reduces thinking range to enhance explanatory power, and to some extent, to deal with the relationship between structure and agency. The other path involves dealing with the relationship between structure and agency during macroscopic analysis. From a methodological point of view, it seeks combine scientism and interpretivism. This combination emphasizes the strong correlation that exists between analytical selection and narrative construction, and emphasizes the need for further work on the basis of system construction of cases in order to carry out a comparison of the system.