国内、外优秀女子铁饼运动员掷铁饼技术的比较研究

Comparative Study on Discus Throwing Technique between Domestic Women Elite Discus Thrower and Overseas

对国内、外优秀女子铁饼运动员掷铁饼动作的运动学参数进行测量、比较与分析。结果显示:1)我国2名优秀女子运动员在出手速度上不存在劣势,然而,在出手速度、出手角度与出手高度三者组合的优化程度上不如国外优秀运动员;2)李艳凤在第1单支撑和第2单支撑阶段时间较短,谭建在第2双支撑阶段的时间较短;3)我国2名运动员在第2单支撑阶段铁饼增速较多,在第2双支撑阶段铁饼增速较少,这对出手速度有一定程度的影响;4)我国2名运动员在第2双支撑阶段人体重心速度下降较少,在一定程度上反映了"人-饼"系统内能量传递效率较低,这与第1双支撑阶段人体重心速度增量较少有一定关系;5)我国2名运动员在第1双支撑与腾空阶段中,铁饼移动距离较长,体现了大幅度摆饼的特点;6)国外优秀运动员在掷铁饼动作中,人体的平动范围较大,特别是在两个双支撑阶段,这有利于提高第1单支撑阶段的人体重心速度的增加,也有利于在第2双支撑阶段为最后用力动作做好充分的准备。

This paper makes a direct comparison of kinematic features of discus throwing tech- nique between domestic women elite discus thrower and overseas. The results are as follows.. 1） the two domestic athlete~ s release velocity does not have disadvantages, however, the opti- mizing combination of release velocity, release angle and release height is not as good as the o- verseas elite athletes^2） the time spent on the first single and second double support phase is both relatively short to LI Yan-feng, so is the time spent on the first single support phase to TAN Jian; 3） the discus velocity is increased much in the second single support phase, and in- creased less in the second double support phase, that are not good to get larger release velocity for the two domestic athletes; 4） fewer decrement of the two domestic athlete ＇ s center of gravity （CG） velocity in the second double support phase, to some extent, means that the ener- gy transfer efficiency in ＂body-discus＂ system is lower. This may be due to their fewer decre- ment of CG velocity in the first double support phase; 5） discus distance of the two domestic athletes in the first double support and air phase are much larger, which they have a character- istic of swaying discus in a large range; 6） much larger translational motion range of overseas elite athletes, especially in the two double support phase, is beneficial to increase the CG veloci- ty in the first single support phase, and make sufficient preparation for final explosive action in the second double support phase.