中国5个矮马品种的瓶颈效应分析

Bottleneck Effect Analysis of Five Pony Populations in China

利用13个微卫星基因座对中国5个矮马品种(德保、贵州、宁强、四川、云南)群体进行了遗传平衡检测。根据微卫星等位基因频率,应用无限等位基因模型(infinite allele model,IAM)、双相突变模型(two-phased model of mutation,TPM)和逐步突变模型(step-wise mutation model,SMM)3种模型,符号和Wilcoxon符号—秩2种检验方法,对5个矮马群体的突变-漂移平衡进行分析。结果表明,在IAM下,Wilcoxon符号-秩检验中,德保矮马和云南矮马达到了显著性水平(P<0.05);在SMM下,宁强矮马在符号检验中达到了显著水平(P<0.05);在TPM下,5个群体均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。因此,德保、云南和宁强矮马近期可能经历了瓶颈效应。本研究结果对中国矮马的保护和利用具有重大意义。

Thirteen microsatellite loci were used to analyze genetic equilibrium of five pony populations in China（Debao,Guizhou,Ningqiang,Sichuan,Yunnan）.According to the allele frequency,under IAM,TPM and SMM three models,the sign test and Wilcoxon sign-rank test were used to analyze bottleneck of five pony populations.The results showed that Debao and Yunnan pony were observed in the significant level under IAM and Wilcoxon sign-rank test（P0.05）,Ningqiang pony was observed in the significant level under SMM and sign test（P0.05）,but no one population in the significant level under TPM model（P0.05）.The results revealed significant level suggesting possible cryptic demographic in Debao,Yunnan and Ningqiang pony.The exploit and conservation priorities about pony populations in China were determined according to the result of the present study.