施马伦贝格病毒

Schmallenberg Virus

施马伦贝格病毒病(Schmallenberg virus,SBV)是一种新发现的动物传染病,因于2011年底在德国施马伦贝格镇首次发现而临时得名,随后蔓延于西欧(包括比利时、法国、德国、荷兰、意大利、卢森堡、西班牙、英国和丹麦),并分别在奥地利、波兰、瑞典和芬兰等国的牛、山羊、绵羊中检测到抗体。遗传分析显示该病毒与布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)正布尼亚病毒属(Orthobunyavirus)西姆布血清群病毒(Simbu serogroup viruses)的亲缘关系最密切,西姆布血清群病毒是已知的反刍动物病原,可通过节肢动物媒介(蚊、蠓)传播。施马伦贝格病毒病有2种不同的临床症状:成年牛出现短暂轻微/温和的病症(产奶量减少、发热、腹泻)和新生哺乳动物(牛、羊)死产和先天缺陷。因为同群类似的病毒不是人畜共患病病原,也无该病毒致人发病的证据,但现阶段尚不能完全排除。尽管目前没有特效的药物和疫苗,但因已有类似病毒(赤羽病)的疫苗,疫苗接种应是控制该病的可能选项。因施马伦贝格病毒是一种新发现的病毒,许多方面尚不清楚,还有待于进一步研究。

Schmallenberg virus（SBV） infection is a new emerging livestock disease,provisionally named after Schmallenberg town in Germany where it was first identified in late 2011.So far the virus has been detected in Europe,including Belgium,France,Germany,the Netherlands,Italy,Luxembourg,Spain,the UK and Denmark.Also,Austria,Poland,Sweden and Finland detected antibodies in cattle,sheep and goats,respectively.Genetic characterisation has shown that SBV is closest to the Simbu serogroup of the Bunyaviridae family,genus Orthobunyavirus that are known pathogens in ruminants,and are transmitted through arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes（Culicidae） or midges（Culicoides）.The virus has been associated with two different profiles of clinical signs,brief mild/moderate disease（milk drop,pyrexia,diarrhoea） in adult cattle and stillbirths and birth defects in newborn ruminants（cattle,sheep and goats）.There is no evidence that the SBV could cause illness in humans,as other comparable viruses are not zoonotic,but it can ’t be excluded at this stage.Though there is currently no specific treatment or vaccine for SBV,vaccination is a possible option for controlling the disease as a vaccine existing for the similar virus Akabane.As it is a newly identified virus,there are still aspects that remain unknown at this point until more researches are done.