两种符号检索条件下注意缺陷多动障碍和阅读障碍儿童的表现

The Performances of ADHD and Dyslexia Children in the Two Presentation Searching Conditions

在传统工作记忆刷新和选择性注意任务上,在匹配反应阶段均涉及符号检索的心理加工过程,注意缺陷多动障碍和阅读障碍儿童的工作记忆和注意缺陷已经被证实,本研究关注于两种障碍儿童是否存在符号检索能力的缺陷。研究比较了18名ADHD儿童、11名阅读障碍儿童和17名控制组儿童在RSVP任务中序列搜索和平行搜索的成绩差异,搜索条件通过实验材料(字母和数字)和呈现方式加以操控。结果表明,在平行搜索和序列搜索条件下,障碍儿童的成绩均低于正常控制组,两组障碍儿童成绩差异不显著;在搜索效应上,三组儿童的差异不显著,这说明注意缺陷多动障碍儿童和阅读障碍儿童的基本符号检索能力不存在明显缺陷,平行搜索和序列搜索条件下成绩的落后可能反映障碍儿童在一些更为基础的加工过程上的落后。

In the traditional working memory and selective attention tasks, the psychological process of symbols researching is involved at the response matching stage, and the dificits of working memory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia children have been confirmed. To explore whether ADHD and dyslexia children reveal deficit in the presentation searching. 18 ADHD children, 11 dyslexia children （RD） and 17 controls are participated in this study. Rapid Serial Visual Presentation （RSVP） is used and two searching conditions （parallel/ serial） are manipulated by the material （letters and numbers） and the ways of presentation. Results showed that the performance of disabled children were worse than control in both parallel and serial searching conditions; By comparing the change in performance from the parallel to the serial searching condition, all children displayed decline in the serial searching condition and the more difficult condition, but group differences were not found in both correct rate and reaction time, which suggested that the disabled children didn＇t show the deficit in the basic mechanism of presentation searching of visual selective attention, maybe the more basic phonological process deficits were related.