橡胶树3个品系产排胶特性季节变化的比较

Comparative Study on the Seasonal Variation of Latex Physiological Characters from three Hevea Clone

以S/2 d3割制,对3个品系(热研8-79、热研7-33-97、PR107)的幼龄开割树割胶,分析和比较株次产量、胶乳转化酶活性、pH值、蔗糖和总固形物含量的季节变化。结果表明:几乎所有割胶季节,热研8-79的株次产量、胶乳转化酶活性、pH值都明显高于热研7-33-97和PR107,蔗糖含量依次为热研8-79<热研7-33-97<PR107,总固形物含量3个品系差异很小,显示热研8-79乳管蔗糖利用率较高,胶乳再生能力较强的品系特性,而PR107则相反。3个品系均分别在5月、7-8月、10-11月形成产量高峰,但不同品系同次产量高峰的时间跨度有很大差异。3个品系在4月中旬至5月上旬株次产量、转化酶活性、pH值、蔗糖含量均呈递增趋势变化,总固形物含量呈递减趋势变化,显示胶树胶乳再生作用逐渐增强,排胶越来越顺畅的变化过程。在其它季节,株次产量、胶乳转化酶活性和生理参数的变化比较复杂,并且经常不同步,显示株次产量受多种因素的综合影响,该结果可为适宜割胶制度的制定提供参考。

Young tapping Hevea trees, from 3 clones （Reyan 8-79, Reyan 7-33-97, PR107）, were exploited with S/2 d3 tapping systems. Seasonal variations of rubber yield, latex invertase activity, and physiological parameters were analyzed and comparatively studied. Results showed that, in almost tapping periods, rubber yield, latex invertase activity, pH value of Reyan 8-79 were higher than that of Reyan 7-33-97 and PR107, sucrose content lower than that of Reyan 7-33-97 and the later lower than thai of PR107, the differences of total solid content among 3 clones were not significant. Results indicated that Reyan 8-79 possessed higher rate of sucrose utilization in laticiferous system and higher capability of latex regeneration, while PR107 possessed inverse characteristics. Three high-rubber-yield periods were commonly formed in May, July to August and October to November, respectively, while different clones possessed different durations in same high-rubber-yield periods. In the period of middle April to early May, rubber yield, invertase activity, pH value, sucrose content increased successively, total solid content decreased, in each clone, indicating that latex regeneration increased and latex flow became easier in this period. In other tapping periods, the trends of rubber yield, invertase activity and physiological parameters were complicated and often synchronous, indicating that rubber yield affected by many factors. The results of this research may provide reference to lay down suitable tapping system for these clones.