秸秆覆盖对中小型土壤动物动态变化的影响

The Influence About Straw Coverage for Medium-scale and Small Soil Animals of the Dynamic Variation

土壤动物是农田生态系统的重要组成部分,在农田生态系统物质循环和能量流动中发挥着举足轻重的作用。秸秆覆盖作为一项保护性耕作措施已得到广泛应用,它影响着土壤动物的组成和结构。本实验是在日本国际自然农法研究中心和重庆西南大学教学农场进行的。在田间试验条件下,对秸秆覆盖下农田土壤动物的动态变化开展了调查,运用多样性指数等指标分析发现:秸秆覆盖促进土壤动物数量的增多,增加土壤动物种类,土壤动物多样性指数升高。经比较不同农田生态系统发现,秸秆覆盖对果园的土壤动物影响最大;同时,秸秆的粉碎程度也影响土壤动物的群落特征;此外,施用化肥和除草等人类干扰也会大大降低土壤动物的多样性。

Soil animals play a pivotal role in substance cycle and energy flow as an important part in the farmland ecosystem. Straw coverage as a protective farming measures have already been widely adopted, it affects soil animals composition and structure. In the field of experimental conditions, we had been launched the dynamic soil animal investigation on the condition of the straw coverage in the International Nature farming Research Center （IDRC） in Japan and southwest university teaching farm in Chongqing of China. Using metrics such as diversity index analysis we discovered： straw coverage increased the number of soil animals ~ animal species and soil animal diversity index. A comparison of different agricultural ecosystems, we found the straw coverage of the orchard soil animals has the greatest influence and soil animals herd characteristics is also affected by the crush of straw. In addition, applications of fertilizers, weed and human interference will also greatlv reduced soil animal diversity.