正镶白旗风沙土农田实施保护性耕作研究

Study on the Test of Aeolian Sandy Soil through Conservation Tillage in Zhengxiangbai Qi

传统的耕作制度使地表裸露、土层疏松、蒸发强烈,是引起风蚀和水蚀的重要原因。在探索改变耕作技术以控制水土侵蚀的实践中,以免耕少耕为主的保护性耕作技术成为重要的技术措施。通过在内蒙古正镶白旗风沙土农田建立试验对比田,探讨和研究保护性耕作对作物生长、产量及生态环境的影响。研究结果表明:选择合适的配套作业机具,采取秋冬农闲期留高茬覆盖方式、免耕少耕播种技术、化学和人工除草相结合、深松技术等对小麦实行保护性耕作,与传统耕作相比,可节本增效273.6～296.1元/hm2。保护性耕作技术减少地表雨水径流和蒸发,增加土壤雨水渗透,增强了农作物的抗旱性,提高了干旱地区农牧业生产能力,为正镶白旗农牧业可持续发展及恢复生态开辟了一条新的途径。

Conventional tillage can make the portant reason to wind erosion, water erosion surface exposure, soil loose so that moisture evaporates easily. It When explore the changes in cultivation techniques to control soil is an imerosion, conservation tillage with no-tillage reduced tillage technology in has became an important technical measure. Through comparative test, the paper explores and studies the recover grassland zoology through conservation tillage on crop growth. , yield and ecological environment. The experimental results show that for wheat crops, choose suitable machine, took the ways of stubble cover in winter slack time, no-tillage reduced tillage sown technology and combination of chemical and manual weeding. Compared with conventional tillage, conservation tillage could increase 273.6 -296.1 RMB/ hm2. Conservation tillage techniques to reduce surface runoff and evaporation, increased soil water penetration, improve the capacity of agricultural production in arid regions. It opened up a new way for ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural development there.