非小细胞肺癌细胞学标本EGFR检测的研究进展

Research advancement on EGFR mutation detection in cytological samples of non-small cell lung cancer

非小细胞肺癌治疗手段以手术、化疗、放疗和靶向治疗为主。随着靶向治疗研究的进展，发现表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变患者接受小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂靶向治疗效果佳。进行这类药物治疗前的筛选是个体化治疗的前提，目前以组织标本基因检测为金标准。但是进展期患者的病理诊断很多时候是根据细胞学标本，部分细胞学标本是惟一的标本来源。近年来肺癌细胞学标本行EGFR检测已经成为一种趋势，主要细胞学标本类型包括外周血、胸腔积液及细针穿刺标本。本文旨在对目前使用细胞学标本评价非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因状态方面做一个概述。

The main therapies of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） are surgery,chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy. With development of targeted therapy,it is found that tyrosine kinase inhibitor is effective for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutations . Screening of such drugs before treatment is a premise of individualized treatment,and genetic testing of tissue samples is currently gold standard. In most cases, the diagnosis of lung cancer is performaed on cytological specimens,therefore,there is a need to obtain a complete and reliable molecular diagnosis on cytological specimens. In recent years, EGFR mutation detection in cytological samples of NSCLC has become a trend,and major cytogenetic specimen types include peripheral blood, pleural effusion and fine needle aspiration. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge of the use of cytological specimens for the evaluation of EGFR gene states in NSCLC.