重庆市2006--2010年土源性线虫病国家级监测点监测分析

Analysis on the epidemiological situation of soil-transmitted nematode infections at the monitoring spot of Chongqing from 2006 to 2010

目的掌握重庆市土源性线虫病流行动态和流行规律。方法2006--2010年，每年9—12月在重庆市监测点采集年龄3周岁以上的全体常驻居民粪便，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪三检）检查蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫虫卵；3～12岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫虫卵：采集10户家庭的菜园、庭院、厨房及厕所周边的土壤样本，每份30g，镜检土壤样本中受精和未受精的蛔虫虫卵，土壤培养法区分受精蛔虫卵活性。结果重庆市监测点5年共累计调查5071人次，2006--2010年，土源性线虫感染率依次为5．79％、13．52％、16．63％、8．62％和2．8I％。人群总体土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势（χ2=3．65，P〈0．01）。2007年及2008年女性感染率高于男性（χ2=4．66，P〈0．05；χ2=25．29，P〈0．01）。2006及2010年5岁组感染率最高，2007及2008年60岁及以上组感染率最高，2009年50岁组感染率最高。蛔虫和钩虫是监测点感染的主要虫种,蛔虫感染以轻度为主，钩虫感染全部为轻度感染。各年男女生蛲虫感染率差异无统计学意义．女生蛲虫感染率总体上呈下降趋势（χ2=16．36，P〈0．01），男生蛲虫感染率差异无统计学意义（χ2=8．45，P〉0．05）。土壤人蛔虫虫卵检出率分别为52．5％、37．5％、17．5％、30．0％和20．0％。检出率总体呈下降趋势（χ2=14．97，P〈0．01）。结论重庆市监测点人群土源性线虫感染率总体上呈低水平，但仍应继续加强健康教育及集体驱虫等防治措施。

Objective To understand infection status and epidemic law of soil-transmitted nematode in- fections in Chongqing. Methods The stool samples of the residents at monitoring spot of Chongqing were col- lected and examined for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms with modified Kato-Katz thick smear ＂one stool specimen-three slides＂ from September to November during 2006-2010, and adhesive cellophane anal swab method was applied additionally for examining the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in children aged 3-12. Ten soil samples were collected for microscopic examination on fertilized or unfertilized Ascaris eggs and the living ability of fertilized Ascaris eggs was determined. Results The total of 5 071 per- sons were investigated from 2006 to 2010 and the annual infection rates were 5.79%, 13.52%, 16.63%, 8.62% and 2.81% showing a declined tendency （χ2= 3.65,P 〈 0.01）. The infection rates of females were higher than males in 2007 and 2008 （χ2= 4.66, P 〈 0.05;）（χ2 = 25.29, P 〈 0.01）. The infection rate of 5-year-old was in the highest level in 2006 and 2010. In 2010 the infection rate of 50-year-old was in the highest level. The ancy- lostomiasis and Ascaris were the major soil transmitted nematode diseases. The infection rates of Enterobius vermicularis were not significantly different between boys and girls. It showed a declined tendency in pinworm infection in girls（χ2= 16.36, P 〈 0.01 ）while it showed no difference in boys（χ2= 8.45, P 〉 0.05 ）. The positive rates of Ascaris eggs in soil samples were 52.5%, 37.5%, 17.5%, 30.0% and 20.0% showing a declined tendency if2 = 16.36, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion According to the 5 years monitoring, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was declined, but health education and mass chemotherapy should be enhanced continuously.