学校健康促进对上海外来务工人员随迁子女健康知识和行为的影响

Effect of school health promotion on health related knowledge and behavior among migrant children in Shanghai

目的:评价学校健康促进对上海市外来务工人员子女的健康知识和健康行为的干预效果。方法:选取上海市闵行区、松江区3所外来务工人员子女学校为干预学校,2所公办学校为对照学校,对干预学校的全校学生进行2年的干预,对照学校不进行任何干预。在干预前后,按照分层整群随机抽样的原则,抽取一定比例的4～6年级的学生进行问卷调查。结果:干预学校学生经过干预后,健康知识得分显著提高(P<0.05),且健康行为和生活方式、疾病预防知识的得分与公办学校学生得分的差距有所缩小。干预对学生健康行为的作用不明显,仅体育锻炼的得分显著性提高(P<0.05)。结论:短期学校健康促进对提高外来务工人员子女的健康知识水平效果明显,对改善健康行为效果不明显。建议出台全市统一的政策,使外来务工人员子女学校的健康促进政策具有可持续性。

Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness of school health promotion on health related knowledge and behavior among migrant children in Shanghai. Methods： Three primary schools for migrant children in Minhang District and Songjiang District of Shanghai city were selected as intervention schools, while two public primary schools in these two districts were selected as control schools. The inter- vention was implemented among all the students in the intervention schools, not in control schools. Questionnaire survey was conducted a- mong the students in Grade 4 -6 selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from intervention schools and control schools before and after intervention. Results： The average score of health knowledge improved significantly after intervention in intervention schools （P 〈 0. 05 ） . The intervention narrowed the gap of knowledge on healthy lifestyle and disease prevention between students in intervention schools and control schools. The change of health behavior was not statistically significant. Only the average score of physical exercise increased sig- nificantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： Short - term school health promotion is an effective approach to improve health knowledge of migrant children, but it doesnt improve health behavior significantly. It is recommended that the government make unified policy to promote the sus- tainable school health promotion in primary schools for migrant children.