转Bt基因棉花对土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Transgenic Bt Cotton on Soil Enzymes

为评价转基因棉花对土壤生态安全风险,采用3个转Bt基因品种(‘晋棉26’、‘晋棉44’和‘中棉所41’)及其相应的近等位基因非转基因品种(‘晋棉7’、‘冀合492’和‘中棉所23’)和1个常规品种(‘运资919’)在大田研究了转基因棉花种植对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和转化酶活性的影响。结果表明,转基因棉花种植对土壤酶活性的影响依棉花品种、生育期、土壤酶种类不同而有不同。与非转基因棉花品种的亲本相比,‘晋棉44’和‘中棉所41’过氧化氢酶活性在蕾期显著提高11.27%和13.98%;开花期‘晋棉26’的活性提高3.39%,而‘中棉所41’降低7.75%。‘晋棉44’在苗期和开花期显著降低土壤脲酶活性69.2%和17.74%、吐絮期却提高163%,‘晋棉26’在蕾期显著降低土壤脲酶活性27.9%,而在开花期和吐絮期脲酶活性提高264%和38.1%;‘中棉所41’蕾期显著降低土壤脲酶活性31.6%。‘晋棉44’在苗期和蕾期分别降低了土壤转化酶活性26.9%和14.7%,而在花期和吐絮期显著提高转化酶活性10.6%和15.9%;‘晋棉26’在开花期与吐絮期、‘中棉所41’在吐絮期分别降低了转化酶活性27.9%、22.9%和20.6%,其他生育期不显著。

Three transgenic Bt cotton ‘（Jinmian26’‘,Jinmian 44’and‘CRI 41’）, their isogenic non-Bt cotton counterpart‘（Jinmian 7’,‘Jihe 492’and‘CRI 23’） and another non-Bt cotton cultivar‘（Yunzi 919’） were investigated to evaluate the potential risk of transgenes on the soil ecosystem in field. The activities of urease, catalase, and invertase were assayed during cotton growth. The results showed soil enzymes activities were affected by different cotton cultivars and growth stages. Compared with corresponding non-Bt parents, ‘Jinmian 44’and‘CRI 41’significantly increased by 11.27% and 13.98% in catalase activity at square stages, 3.39% for‘Jinmian26’at flowering, decreased by 7.75% for‘CRI 41’at flowering stage, respectively. ‘Jinmian 44’at seedling and flowering stages,‘Jinmian26’and‘CRI 41’at square stage significantly decreased by 69.2% , 17.74% , 27.9% and 31.6% in soil urease activity, but‘Jinmian 26’significantly increased 264% and 38.1% soil urease activity at flowering and boll-opening stages, and‘Jinmian 44’ increased 163% soil urease activity at boll-opening stages,respectively.‘Jinmian 44’significantly decreased by 26.9% and 14.7% invertase activity at seedling and square stages, and increased by10.6% and 15.9% at flowering and boll-opening stages.‘Jinmian 26’significantly decreased invertase activity by 27.9% and 22.9% at flowering and boll-opening stages, and decreased by 20.6% for‘CRI41’at boll-opening stage, respectively.