有机肥施用对土壤肥力影响的研究进展

Review on Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility

在耕地面积日益紧缩的今天,施肥是提高作物单位面积产量的重要措施。虽然化肥在粮食增产方面发挥了巨大的作用,但同时也会对土壤产生负面影响,诸如养分失调、酸化加剧等,而有机肥在提高土壤养分的同时还能改善土壤理化性质,平衡养分,培肥土壤。因此,笔者综述了有机肥在平衡土壤养分、改善土壤理化性质、增加微生物群落多样性、提高土壤酶活性方面的作用,总结了有机肥在提高土壤肥力方面最新的研究方法及进展。期望为生产中合理、高效使用有机肥,为最大限度的发挥有机肥改善土壤环境的作用提供依据。最终达到提高作物产量和品质的目的,实现农业的可持续发展。

Nowadays,the cultivated land area decreased increasingly,fertilizer was important measure to enhance yield on unit area of crop.Chemical fertilizer played the important role in increasing grain yield,but it had negative effect on soil,such as nutrient imbalance,aggravating acidification,etc.However,organic fertilizer could improve soil nutrients;it also could improve the physical and chemical property of soil,balance the nutrition and fertilize soil.This review deals with the effect of organic fertilizer on balancing the nutrition,improving the physical and chemical property of soil,increasing the diversity of microbial community and improving the enzyme activity in soil.The paper summarizes the latest research methods and advances of improvement of soil fertility.We want to provide evidence for reasonable and highly efficient to use organic fertilizer in agricultural production,also for improving the soil condition to a maximum extent by organic fertilizer.The final purpose is increasing crop yield and quality to realize continuous development of agriculture.