湖北省不同时期玉米区域生产比较优势分析

Analysis on Comparative Advantage of Corn Production in Different Regions and Periods in Hubei Province

为了促进湖北省玉米生产发展,实现合理区域生产布局,为湖北农业生产决策提供依据,利用2000—2009年湖北省17个市(州、区)农业生产统计资料,采用比较优势理论及分析方法,分析"十五"及"十一五"期间湖北省玉米生产比较优势的区域特点及动态变化。结果表明:湖北省玉米生产存在显著的区域差异,玉米生产具有规模、效率、综合比较优势的市(州、区)分别有5、10、5个;具有玉米综合比较优势的地区主要分布在鄂西山地玉米区、鄂北岗地玉米区,其平均综合比较优势指数在"十五"期间为2.43,"十一五"期间达到2.77。与"十五"期间相比,"十一五"期间全省玉米平均生产比较优势指数上升了0.08,水稻上升了0.03,而棉花则下降了0.05。通过成本收益分析表明,玉米纯收益低于水稻和棉花,每公顷分别低507.0元和2143.5元;但玉米的用工成本明显低,每公顷分别比水稻和棉花低535.5元和4096.5元。在以上分析的基础上,提出了发展湖北玉米生产的对策建议。

It is important to analyze regional advantages of corn production in order to achieve reasonable regional production arrangement and promote corn production in Hubei Province.Regional comparative advantages of corn production in Hubei Province in the periods of ＂Tenth Five Year Plan＂ and ＂Eleventh Five Year Plan＂ were analyzed,using the method of comparative advantage and agricultural production statistic data of 17 regions in Hubei Province during the year of 2000 to 2009.The results showed that,corn production in Hubei Province had significant regional difference;five regions had scale comparative advantage,ten regions had efficiency comparative advantage,and five regions had aggregated comparative advantage.The comparative advantageous areas of corn production mainly distribute in the western mountainous and hilly area and northern low hilly area of Hubei Province,where the aggregated comparative advantage index（AAI） was 2.43 in the period of ＂Tenth Five Year Plan＂,and raised to 2.77 in the period of ＂Eleventh Five Year Plan＂.Compared with that in the period of ＂Tenth Five Year Plan＂,AAI in ＂Eleventh Five Year Plan＂ period was increased by 0.08 for corn production,0.03 for rice production,while was declined by 0.05 for cotton production.Through cost-benefit analysis,it showed that net income per hectare of corn production was 507.0 Yuan and 2143.5 Yuan lower than that of rice and cotton respectively,but the labor cost of corn production was 535.5 Yuan and 4096.5 Yuan lower than that of rice and cotton respectively.On the basis of the aboveanalysis,some proposals were put forward to develop maize production in Hubei Province.