海德格尔主体理论中的笛卡儿维度及其效应

The Cartesian Dimension in Heidegger's Theory of Subject and Its Effect

海德格尔的主体观经历了两个阶段:转向之前,海德格尔通过强调此在在世而有限返回到笛卡儿式的"主体作为旁观者"的观点;转向之后,他通过所谓的"主体的离心"而成为坚定的前笛卡儿主义者。尽管海德格尔持公开地反笛卡儿主义的立场,但他最初的主体作为此在的观点既是笛卡儿主义的又是反笛卡儿主义的;而他后来使主体离心(去中心)的努力,则更接近古希腊在缺乏对主体进行任何明确反思的情况下对知识关注的态度。海德格尔思想中这一对笛卡儿主体观既依赖又摧毁的维度,极大地影响了他同期和身后的法国哲学家。

Heidegger＇s view of subject is passed through two phases：initially a qualified return to the Cartesian spectator view and then a so-called decentering of the subject.Despite Heidegger＇s publi anti-Cartesian stance,his initial view of the subject as Dasein is both Cartesian and anti-Cartesian.By contrast,Heidegger＇s later effort to decenter the subject is closer to the Greek concern with knowledge in the absence of any explicit reflection on the subject.The dimension of relying on and destroying the Cartesian view of subject in Heidegger＇s thought gives its great influence on recent French philosophers.