从演绎作品的原创性看演绎权的侵犯

Analyzing the Infringement of Derivative Rights as Seen from the View of Derivative Work's Originality

原创性是演绎作品受版权法保护的核心要件。为判断演绎作品的原创性,法院发展出"超过微小变化"标准和"两分法"标准。由于演绎权是作者创作演绎作品或授权他人创作演绎作品的权利,因此,演绎作品的原创性标准,不可避免地会影响到演绎权的侵权认定。司法实践中,法院应要求非法演绎作品具有原创性,才构成对作者演绎权的侵犯。就作者演绎权而言,演绎作品的原创性是一把双刃剑:一方面,"两分法"标准使演绎作者的版权依附于原作者的演绎权;另一方面,"超过微小变化"标准又将创作"微小变化"作品的行为排除在侵权之外。

Originality is the core qualification for the derivative work to be protected by copyright act.There are two standards for the courts to determine whether a derivative work has originality：one is the standard of ＂more than merely trivial changes＂,and the other is the standard of ＂dichotomy method＂.Derivative rights is an important property right,which means the author can translate or adapt his work and forbid others from translating or adapting his work.So,the originality of derivative work will inevitably influence the infringement of derivative right.If a work does not have originality,then even it is illegal,courts should not find it infringe the author＇s derivative rights.As far as the author＇s derivative rights is concerned,the originality of derivative work is a double-edged sword： for one thing,the standard of ＂dichotomy method＂ makes the subsequent author＇s copyright depend on the original author＇s derivative rights;for another,the standard of ＂more than merely trivial changes＂ excludes the creation of merely trivial changes out of infringement.