医务人员亚健康状态及其影响因素的研究

Suboptimal Health Status of Medical Staff and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解医务人员的亚健康状态及其影响因素。方法以参加2012年度宣武医院本院健康体检的在职医务人员(年龄≥40岁)为研究对象,采用亚健康状态评价问卷(SHSQ-25)、哥本哈根社会心理问卷(COPSOQ)、生活压力量表(FSS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)及领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)作为研究工具,进行亚健康状态的调查。结果 2012年度健康体检人数为914人,共回收有效问卷797份,有效应答率为87.20%。医务人员的患病率为56.09%,亚健康率为14.30%。不同年龄、性别、文化程度、岗位类别、体育锻炼和吸烟情况者的健康状态分布间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同健康状态者在COPSOQ中积极因子、消极因子得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在生活压力得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在SCSQ中消极应对得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示,性别、文化程度、COPSOQ-消极二阶因子及FSS-生活压力为亚健康的主要影响因素。结论应重视女性医务人员的亚健康;可以通过避免消极工作应激、缓解家庭生活压力、合理工作和保持轻松健康心态来预防与控制亚健康状态。

Objective To analyze epidemical condition of suboptimal health of medical staff and its influencing factors. Methods The epidemical survey on suboptimal health was conducted in medical staff aged 40 years old and above who participated in 2012 annual health medical examination from Xuanwu Hospital.The data were collected by using Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaires-25（SHSQ-25）,Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire（COPSOQ）,Family Stress Scales（FSS）,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ） and Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）.The logistic regression analysis method was used to study influence factors of suboptimal health. Results Among 914 of the medical staff participated in 2012 annual health medical examination 797 eligible questionnaires were retrieved,with the retrieval rate of 87.20%,medical staff′s prevalence rate of 56.09%,and suboptimal health rate of 14.30%.The health status varied significantly among people with different ages,sexes,education backgrounds,working posts,degrees of physical exercises,and levels of smoking（P0.05）.Among people with different health states there were significant differences in COPSOQ scores of positive factors and negative factors（P0.05）,FSS score（P0.05）,and SCSQ score of negatively dealing dimension（P0.05）.The results of logistic regression analysis showed,the main influencing factors for suboptimal health were sex,education background,COPSOQ-negative factors,and FSS-life stressors. Conclusion More attention should be paid to female medical staff for preventing suboptimal health.It is helpful to the prevention and control of suboptimal health by avoiding negative factors of work stress,alleviating family stress,doing work rationally,and maintaining a relaxed and healthy mind.