超越绝对主义与相对主义——以卢曼的悖论解决方案为考察框架

Paradox: From Ancient Greece Philosophers to Luhmann

罗素把西方延绵两千年探索"绝对"和"大全"之旅推到了顶峰,这尤其体现在其消解悖论的努力上。曼海姆与列奥.施特劳斯在使用"绝对/相对"这个区分分别批评绝对主义与相对主义时,也各自落在了这个区分形式的"绝对"或"相对"一边。卢曼则通过把所有观察者设定为既处于一阶观察的位置又处于二阶观察的位置这个同时性悖论,阐明了终极观察者缺位的理论,以此克服了绝对主义与相对主义的二难困境。

This paper aims at the problem of paradox in modern western world. From Bertrand Russell to Niklas Luhmann, the problem of paradox had been discussed and related to relativism and absolutism. Luhmann＇s contribution to this problem made it possible to overcome the dilemma of relativism and absolutism in the history of philosophy.