冷战后期苏联在南海的势力存在及其南海政策的调整

Existence of the Soviet Union’s Influence in the South Sea Region and Adjustment of its policy on the Region in the Later Cold War

20世纪80年代初,苏联继续加强在南海地区的军事存在,但这与其国力衰落现状严重不符。80年代中期以后随着苏联与美国关系的改善,以及与中国从对抗到缓和政策的变化,苏联在越南军事基地的战略意义已不复当年,逐渐从越南撤军、改善与东盟各国的关系成为其必然选择。此时苏联对南海争端采取了不介入政策,对诸岛归属问题不表态。然而东南亚重要的地理位置、战略地位,使苏联的继承者俄罗斯决不甘心做旁观者,在自身实力增强的条件下必然会重返东南亚,对南海问题予以关注。

In the early 1980＇s, the Soviet Union continued strengthening its military existence in the South Sea region, but this was not in agreement with the effete status of its national strength. After the middle of the 20^th century, as the relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union were amended and the relations between China and the Soviet Union were changed from confrontation to mitigation, the Soviet Union＇s military base in Vietnam lost its strategic significance so that it gradually withdrew troops from Vietnam and improving relations with the ASEAN countries became its inevitable choice. Then the Soviet Union adopted a not-involved policy on the South Sea disputes and didn＇t reveal its attitude toward the ownership of the islands of the South Sea. However, the important geographical position and strategic standing of it make the successor Russia unwilling to be bystander. Russia will certainly return to Southeast Asia and show great concern over the South Sea issues under the conditions of its own strength increased.