基于叙述性偏好法的城市居住环境质量评价方法研究

Quality of Urban Residential Environment Based on Stated Preference Methods

借鉴已有经验,以上海杨浦区为例探索叙述性偏好法在居住环境质量评价中的应用。构建评价指标体系,通过叙述性偏好法调查与离散选择模型的拟合,得到各要素指标的权重值。结果表明,模型的可解释性较好;权重值比较发现,便利性和安全性要素相比舒适性要素对居住环境质量影响更大;舒适性要素中的环境负荷要素和安全性类要素条件降低时,维持居住环境质量不变需要的其他要素补偿更大。对不同人群的评价结果比较发现,低学历、女性、老年人、低收入等人群对影响日常生活的基本要素(如医院距离、噪音水平等)更加敏感,在基本要素水平降低时维持原居住环境水平需要的补偿更高。

Quality of Residential Environment（QRE） is becoming an important goal of modern society.With the rapid advancement of urbanization in China,many issues are emerging in fields of the society,space,security and so on.Urban residents have been increasingly concerned about the QRE that reflects their actual living conditions.As a result,urban planners have been studying the evaluation of QRE in terms of residential environment since the 1980s.A variety of evaluation methods have been explored,among which economic models have been increasingly used for QRE evaluation in recent years.The purpose of this study is to build a system for evaluating residential environment of Chinese cities,by exploring the mechanisms of the elements influencing the quality of residential environment.Stated preference method（SP）,a mature approach in the areas of environmental impact assessment,is used to estimate the influence based on the data of residents＇choices from the virtual urban environments composed of elements that considered important for defining quality of residential environment.Yangpu District of Shanghai was taken as the example.Firstly,a pilot survey was implemented, which asks the residents to choose the elements influencing the quality of residential environment most.A system of residential environment evaluation is proposed,focusing on 3 indexes including convenience,comfort and security.Each index includes 4 sub-indexes.Secondly,residents＇preference data were obtained through SP surveys.Then the evaluation functions taking into account convenience,comfort and security of living environment were estimated based on discrete choice models.At last the results of the SP survey and modeling were validated with a comparative analysis on separate elements＇impact on QRE.The validation results show that the models of the convenience,comfort and the comprehensive elements were well fitted,while the model of the security fitted relatively poorly.The case study in Yangpu District shows that elements of convenience and comfort have more influences on QRE evaluation than elements of security.To maintain certain QRE,more improvements of other elements are needed for compensating the ambient noise and security elements＇decline. It is also found that people who are low-educated,female,old,with low income are more sensitive to the basic elements that affect their daily lives.When the level of basic elements decline,residents need more compensation from other elements to keep up their QRE level.