北京农村居民点的空间分形特征及复杂性

The Spatial Fractal Characteristics and Complexity of Rural Residential Areas in Beijing

在多种发展功能相融合的背景下,以形状属性的空间演变为基础分析了北京城郊区域总体、平原区、近郊平原区农村居民点的空间特征。波谱分析显示,在近中郊、远郊、山区3个基本圈层的基础上,以前门为中心3种区域农村居民点斑块的空间周期交错分布。分形和Hurst指数的分析进一步显示,虽然城郊区域总体农村居民点斑块受多种因素影响,其空间结构复杂但却不具有分形特征;而地形单一、主要从事农业生产的平原区(7-76km)、乃至深受城镇化、产业化、农区非农化影响的近郊平原区(7-49 km)的农村居民点斑块的空间结构虽然简单但却具备分形特征。后2种农村居民点斑块的空间演变与其所在区域的农业发展进程存在着差异。总体上,北京农村居民点处于承接大都市空间扩展与农业、农村、农民协同发展的关键环节,对不同区域农村居民点空间规划的策略也应不同。

Under the background of multifunctional integration,this article analyzes the spatial characteristics of the residential areas in the overall suburb zone,plain zone,the outskirts plain zone of Beijing based on the spatial evolution of residential shape properties.The spectrum analysis shows that,the rural residential areas of the three zones are in crisscross distribution with Qianmen as the center,on the basis of three basic circles of mid-outskirts,outer suburbs,mountainous zone in Beijing.Based on this analysis,the article calculates the spatial dimension and Hurst index of three zones＇rural residential patches,and argues that the spatial structure of rural residential patches in overall suburb zone（20-122 km） is complex but not have fractal characteristics;but those in the plain zone（7-76 km） and the outskirt plain zone（7-49 km） are relatively simple but have fractal characteristics.The spatial evolutions of the latter two zones＇rural residential patches are different from their agricultural development processes.On the whole,the spatial evolution of the three zones＇rural residential areas is driven by urbanization,industrialization and non-agriculturalization of rural areas,and it is current at a critical stage of spatial expansion of the metroposis and coordinated development of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.