寄宿制与非寄宿制学校水痘疫情分析

Chickenpox epidemic situation of students in residential and non-residential schools

目的比较寄宿制与非寄宿制学校水痘疫情的流行病学特征,为预防水痘在校园内流行,制定科学有效的预防控制措施提供依据。方法在杭州市区随机抽取六所中学,分别为三所寄宿制高中和三所非寄宿制高中,应用描述流行病学方法,对寄宿制中学与非寄宿制中学的水痘疫情相关信息进行比较。结果 2007—2011学年六所学校共发生231例水痘,寄宿制学校水痘病例共184例,占被调查学校水痘病例总数的79.65%;非寄宿制学校水痘病例共47例,占被调查学校水痘病例总数的20.35%。结论群体生活、密切接触是水痘流行的重要元素,寄宿制学校存在更大危险因素。学校可通过健康教育、早期诊断、及时报告疫情、隔离患者和密切接触者、通风消毒和采取免疫预防等综合性措施来预防水痘在校园内流行。

Objective To understand the chickenpox epidemic characteristics in boarding and non-boarding schools in Hangzhou City so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective preventive interventions. Methods The data of chickenpox epidemic situation were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method in 3 high middle boarding schools and 3 high middle non-boarding schools, and the results of the tow types of schools were compared. Results There were 231 chickenpox cases in these six schools between 2007 and 2011. In the boarding schools, there were 184 cases of chickenpox accounting for 79.65%. Meanwhile, in the non-boarding schools, there were 47 cases accounting for 20.35 %. Conclusions The collective life and close contact are important risk factors of the spread of chickenpox, therefore, boarding schools have more risks than none-boarding schools. We should enhance the comprehensive preventive strategy such as health education, early diagnosis, timely reporting of outbreak, imlating patients and close contacts, ventilation, disinfection, immune-prevention and so on.