“冷战”的起源与终结——世界历史的视角

The Origin and End of the Cold War: A Discussion from the Perspective of World History

20世纪的世界体系经历了从"解构"到"局部重构"、再到"全面重构"的历史过程。冷战处于世界体系的"局部重构"阶段。这种特殊的国际关系形态既反映了世界体系结构的内在矛盾,也反映了世界体系与国际体系的张力与互动。冷战史表达的结构性矛盾不仅是一般意义上的国家利益竞争和国际关系中的霸权之争,更具实质性的是两种对抗性社会制度及其指导性意识形态的斗争。冷战后的历史运动表明,冷战终结并非人类社会在发展道路选择上的最后结果。后冷战时代世界体系结构性矛盾的升级和深化使国际社会面临诸多现实的挑战和风险。由于世界体系层面全球治理机制的滞后,缺乏公共产品支撑的国际体系面临失范的风险,后冷战时代的世界正呈现出难以把握的"不确定性"。

The world system in 20th century went through a historical process from deconstruction to part reconstruction and then to comprehensive reconstruction. This kind of special form of international relations reflected not only the inherent contradictions of world - system structure, but also the tension and interaction between world system and international system. The structural contradiction expressed by the Cold War history was not merely the competition of national interests and the struggle for hegemony in international relations, but rather the struggle between two confrontational social systems and their guiding ideology. The post Cold War history indicates that the end of the Cold War was not the final result of human society＇s choice of development pattern. International society faces many realistic challenges and hazards because of the increase of structural contradiction of world system. The international system which lacks of the support of public goods is facing the risk of anomie, much uncertainty emerges in post Cold War world, all of which resulted from the lag of global governance mechanism from the level of world system.