基于反思型幼儿园教师职前培养目标的实践课程建构

On the Construction of Practical Curriculum for Reflective Pre-service Kindergarten Teachers

实践课程是反思型幼儿园教师职前培养的重要平台。传统幼儿师范教育课程体系存在着对实践理解狭隘、实践与理论疏离、实践课程缺乏层次性等不足。基于反思型幼儿园教师职前培养目标的幼儿师范教育实践课程，应以以实践性知识为核心的专业知识观、以情境性与实践性学习为特点的专业知识获得过程观以及以“全实践”理念为指导思想的专业实践观为基本理论依据。课程体系应包括观摩性实践、学科性实践、研究性实践、自主选择性实践、整合性实践五个层面的内容。这种实践课程的顺利实施需要有相关政策的保障，需要系统规划，更需要高素质的专业师资队伍以及丰富的实践教学资源为支撑。

Practical curriculum is significant for the pre-service cultivation of reflective kindergarten teachers. Traditional curriculum for pre-service kindergarten teacher training has several problems, including being narrow minded on the comprehension of practice, separation of practice from theory, and lack of system. The practical curriculum for reflective kindergarten teachers＇ pre-service should theoretically be based on the concept of professional knowledge coming from practical knowledge, the process of acquiring professional knowledge from situation and practice, and the professional practice guided by the concept of whole-practice. The curriculum should include five parts： demonstration practical curriculum, subject practical curriculum, research practical curriculum, self-selection and self-entrance practical curriculum, and integrated practical curriculum. The smooth enforcement of this practical curriculum depends on the related government pohcies, systematic planning, highly qualified teachers and rich teaching resources.