内部动机与外部动机的关系及其对学校教育的启示

On the Implications of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations in School Education

学界对内部动机与外部动机的关系研究一直存在争议,目前至少存在三种理解:传统的二分法认为内部动机与外部动机相互对抗,互相影响对任务的参与;自我决定理论认为内部动机和外部动机是一个连续体的两极,两者相互联系并转化;最近的研究则认为两种动机可以并存,个体可以同时为外部和内部动机所激发。在教育实践中,教师应正确认识和处理两者之间的关系,使学生始终保持良好的动机状态。

The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is an academic issue of controversies. It has been portrayed in the literature at least in three different ways： First, the classic dichotomy viewed the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as being contradictory and influential in individuals＇ engagement; secondly, self-determination theory considered it an interconnected and convertible continuity; and thirdly, the current research viewed it a co-existing factor in motivating individuals. The author, thus, proposes that teachers should properly deal with intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to maximize the students＇ learning motives.